Pravna sredstva u slučaju nesaobraznosti robe u potrošačkom pravu Evropske unije
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56461/rep250123.04.VKljučne reči:
pravna sredstva u slučaju nesaobraznosti robe, opravka ili zamena robe, sniženje cene ili raskid ugovora o prodaji, zaštita potrošača, pravo Evropske unijeApstrakt
Kako bi se povećala pravna sigurnost i uklonila jedna od glavnih prepreka pravilnom funkcionisanju unutrašnjeg tržišta Evropske unije (EU), Direktivom o prodaji robe u potpunosti se usklađuju pravila o pravnim sredstvima u slučaju nesaobraznosti. Zadržano je dvostepeno rešenje iz prethodne Direktive o potrošačkoj prodaji i kodifikovana je relevantna praksa Suda pravde EU. Jasno se pokazuje naklonost ka ispunjenju ugovora (pacta sunt servanda, in favor contractus). Potrošaču su najpre na raspolaganju opravka i zamena robe, a tek u drugoj fazi, srazmerno sniženje cene i raskid ugovora. Za razliku od prethodnog pravnog režima, redosled pravnih sredstava, koji se može posmatrati i kao glavno sredstvo za uravnoteženje interesa prodavca i potrošača u slučaju nesaobraznosti robe, sada je obavezan. To znači da će u nacionalnim pravima u kojima nije bila predviđena hijerarhija pravnih sredstava, već slobodan izbor potrošača, biti niži nivo zaštite, po ovom pitanju, nakon sprovođenja nove direktive. Ovaj problem je delimično ublažen mogućnošću država članica da propišu da potrošači mogu izabrati posebno pravno sredstvo ako nesaobraznost robe postane očigledna ubrzo nakon isporuke, u periodu koji ne prelazi 30 dana, npr., da mogu odmah raskinuti ugovor. Iako se ovakvim opcijama otklanjaju neki od nedostataka maksimalne harmonizacije, njihova realizacija šteti unutrašnjem tržištu EU. Olakšan je i prelazak sa primarnih na sekundarna pravna sredstva, predviđanjem više slučajeva u kojima ih potrošač može ostvariti.
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